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The South African mining industry employed 514 859 individuals in 2019. If the mining sector is represented by a group of 100 workers, 39 are employed in the platinum group metals sector, 21 in the coal sector and 20 in the gold sector. The iron ore sector is a much smaller recruiter, employing 5 of every 100 employees.
A detailed LCA study was conducted for every case with a system boundary, including coal mining, coal transportation, power generation, and transmission losses. The LCI is based on data available from the literature, as shown in the " Life cycle inventory " section; all the LCI results are converted to 1 kWh of power generated as a ...
In addition, coal is the primary energy source for electricity generation in South Africa (Stats SA 2018b). As a result, the production of polypropylene is significantly more carbon-intensive South African with climate change emissions of 9.67 kg CO 2 eq per kg PP (Russo and von Blottnitz 2018 ), in comparison with 1.97 kg CO 2 eq in Europe ...
Mercury (Hg) analyses were obtained for 42 samples of feed coal provided by Eskom, the national electric utility of South Africa, representing all 13 coal-fired power stations operated by Eskom in South Africa. This sampling includes results for three older power stations returned to service starting in the late 2000s.
Coal mining in South Africa has played a pivotal role in the country's development and industrialization. Dating back to the late 19th century, the discovery of rich coal reserves spurred the growth of mining towns, stimulated economic activity, and fueled the expansion of key industries. Coal became a fundamental resource, powering the nation ...
South Africa had 9.9Bnt of proven coal reserves as of January 2019. The country produced 256.6Mt coal in 2018, of this 98.6% was thermal coal and remaining 1.4% was metallurgical. Meanwhile, the country stood as the world's sixth largest coal consumer, with demand mainly driven the domestic power industry, accounting for 66.8%. However, …
Natalie Cowling. South Africa's coal mining industry employed nearly 91,000 people as of 2022. In total, coal mining personnel earned some 31.7 million rand that year. The mining industry is an ...
1. Introduction Coal has been, and currently still is, the cornerstone of the South African energy economy. It provides 75% of South Africa's primary energy …
use is estimated based on either life cycle inventory (LCI) res ults or on the overall ... Ho wever, here w e selected coal from South Africa . with an LHV of 24.7 MJ ... GWP 100 for coal mining, ...
2.1. Case study. This paper presents a survey of environmental aspects and impacts related to the iron ore life cycle based on primary data of the process used by Samarco Mineração in its plant in Germano, Iron Quadrangle/Brazil. The Samarco operations, typical of a complex for iron ore exploitation in surface mines, involve mining ...
This study investigates the effects of coal mining on environmental sustainability in South Africa in relation to the moderating role of institutions. To achieve the study's objectives, the fully modified least square (FMOLS), dynamic least squares (DOLS), canonical cointegrating regression (CCR), Bayer-Hanck cointegration and Toda …
2.3. LCI. The LCI for the main process is obtained from Pan. Steel in China and the time horizon is from 2005 to 2007. Data of other stages, such as quicklime production, coal washing and coke production are based on the literature and GaBi 6.0 software (Ai et al., 2006, Cai et al., 2012, Hu et al., 2007, Luo et al., 2008).The data …
Mining and quarrying: metal ores, coal, crude petroleum/nat. gas, building mat., etc. ... have been developed for the Australian context, whereas one of them (Broadhurst et al., 2015) for the South-African context, although with smaller confidence in the case of the latter. As such, ... Data source for life cycle inventory (LCI)
Here are the five largest coal mines by production in South Africa, according to GlobalData's mining database. 1. Grootegeluk Mine. The Grootegeluk Mine is a surface mine located in Limpopo. It is owned by Exxaro Resources and produced an estimated 28.864 MTPA of coal in 2020. The mine will operate until 2040.
Abstract Estimates for South Africa�s coal recoverable reserves made in 1999 range from nine to 59 billion tons; latest estimates by the Minerals Bureau suggest …
1970s. Life cycle inventory (LCI) data has since been published for the reference years 2000, 2005 and 2010. The 2014 publication of an Environmental Metrics Report, based on the 2010 LCI, was the first time that the Institute published the results of a cradle- to-gate impact assessment . This analysis brought together the input
In terms of sales volume, thermal coal and PGMs are the largest mining sectors in South Africa, accounting for ~50% of total sales in mining—with coal accounting for ZAR 139 billion and PGMs for ZAR …
Leaders of wealthy countries on Monday endorsed South Africa's plan to invest the $8.5 billion — mostly in renewable energy projects. Several mines around Phola supply coal for plants owned by ...
ESU-services updated the life cycle inventory (LCI) data for more than 200 datasets for crude oil and natural g ... - amount of additional emissions - source: Oil, Gas or coal beds - share of ...
Discard coal is a major concern to the DME regarding the potential environmental impact in the future. It should also be seen as a major resource that could provide economic opportunities. In 2001, the Department of Energy commissioned a survey to establish an inventory of the discard and duff coal in South Africa.
Mining and its industries are critical for the socio-economic development of South Africa. South Africa contributed to about 1.82% of the global mineral production in 2015 with a corresponding value of around 113 billion USD (Reichl et al., 2017). In 2016, the mining sector in South Africa contributed to about 7.9% of the total GDP (Stats SA ...
the geology of the south African coalfields Coal is found in South Africa in 19 coalfields (Figure 1.4), located mainly in KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Limpopo and the Free State, with lesser amounts in Gauteng, the North West Province and the Eastern Cape. table 1.2 summarises pertinent geological information about
Version 3.5 covers more than 95% of the global hard coal supply chains. Import and market datasets depict global trade flows and regional hard coal mixes. New data on coal mining in India and South Africa include different types of mines. Key emissions from mines were updated and consistently implemented for all geographies.
This report is based on information collated from government departments, coal industry and research papers. This publication covers a broad overview and analysis of the South …
Yimin mining area in China, established that dust contributes ... It was estimated that South Africa's coal deposits can last for the next 250 years (Prevost 2004). This prediction, how- ... cycle inventory (LCI) of the coal combustion process Substance Amount (g) Nitrate 2.0 NO x 39.0 Particulates 34.0 Phosphate 7.0
China has become the primary energy consumer in the world, consuming 48.2% of the world's coal in 2010. Of this percentage, 48.0% of China's coal consumption is used by the power generation industry, which causes unavoidable environmental problems in the country. This paper presents complete life cycle modeling and a comparative …
This study, therefore, evaluates the impacts of coal mining in South Africa relative to achieving society 4.0 in the country. Mpumalanga province was used as a case study as mining activities are ...
The system boundary of EMM production is presented in Fig. 1, in a span of a few stages, including the mining of Mn ore, Mn concentrate production, manganese oxide (MnO) production, and EMM production.For the last stage, a series of processes was included, which can generally be summarized in three steps, namely, leaching of ores …
South Africa ranked seventh in the world on CO 2 emissions in 2019 and first in Africa, which is largely due to the country's dependence on coal . According to the Department of Environmental Affairs' 2014 [ 29 …
Purpose. Using the current state of life cycle assessment (LCA), carbon and water foot, and EPDs in South Africa, this work explores the challenges and …
Classification, whereby the results of the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) analysis (i.e. input and output constituents) are categorized or grouped into classified impact categories; ... In general, the impacts on water resources are the most significant from a coal mining perspective in the South African context. However, water use is not the …
classified as a coal reserve. South Africa's coal resources are contained in the Ecca deposits, a stratum of the Karoo Supergroup. There are 19 coalfields in the country and they are largely located in the north-eastern quarter of the country, i.e. Mpumalanga, Limpopo and extend to KwaZulu-Natal and the Free State.
The mining of coal and generation of electricity in a coal power plant in South Africa contributes less towards agricultural land occupation and more towards all the other impact categories considered in this study, than the maize cobs system (Fig. 4). The most significant impacts of using the conventional method of electricity generation are ...
This study focuses on a streamlined LCA of the coal cycle in a coal-fired power plant situated in South Africa. It aims at (i) identifying environmentally unfriendly …
The Coal Mining Industry in South Africa. Although South African coal production volumes have been decreasing over the past decade, sales have increased, …
Coal has traditionally dominated the energy supply sector in South Africa, from as early as 1880 when coal from the Vereeniging area was supplied to the Kimberly diamond fields. The later gold discoveries in the Witwatersrand and the growing rail infrastructure placed increasing demands on coal. As South Africa evolved into a mining giant, coal was
The results of the proposed study could assist the South African coal mining industry in making decisions regarding priorities for environmental management. ... The Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data that was obtained for Mine A open-low (per supplied coal product) and converted to suite the units of the Resource Impact Indicator (RII) ...
Sep 22, 2023. South Africa produced the largest amount of coal in Africa as of 2020. The country registered an output of roughly 247.4 million metric tons of coal, which corresponded to over 90 ...
In this paper, a Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methodology, based on the ISO 14040 standard, is applied for this purpose. Four cases are considered in South …
The most important manganese deposits worldwide are those of the Kalahari manganese field in South Africa, ... from burning coal. ... life cycle inventory (LCI) for Cu–Co mining from ...
