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Geochemistry Volume 72, Supplement 4, 17 July 2012, Pages 3-8 The metallurgy of antimony Corby G. Anderson Add to Mendeley …Web
Abstract. Results of an investigation aimed at optimizing the fire refining process for purification and extraction of antimony into a high-grade commercial metallic …Web
At the end, available refining methods for removal of the most important impurities including arsenic, sulfur, lead, iron, and copper from crude antimony are discussed. Major applications of ...Web
Summary. Antimony has a range of industrial uses in batteries, chemicals, ceramics and glass but by far the most important is in fire retardants. The economically most important ore mineral and principal source for the production of antimony is stibnite. Majority of antimony-bearing ore deposits are associated with the subduction-related ...Web
First Online: 07 June 2023 3 Accesses Download reference work entry PDF Antimony metallurgy is the technology that extracts antimony metal from antimony ores or …Web
Antimony and bismuth are two of the most problematic impurities in copper electrorefining. As a result, much research has been done investigating the ways to remove them. Processes that are currently being used industrially include anode additions, liberators, ion exchange (IX), and solvent extraction (SX). Of these, liberators and anode …Web
It can be seen that the existing new technology of antimony refining is still difficult to meet the needs of the process, so the development of new antimony refining technology is still an urgent need for the development of the industry. ... Liu X, Yang J, Wu Y et al (2012) Separation of needle antimony from stibnite through low-temperature ...Web
The primary production and metallurgy of antimony has been reviewed by Anderson (2012) [ 1 ]. However, in order to discuss the secondary production of …Web
Antimony-complexed heavy metal wastewater in antimony mining areas: Source, risk and treatment ... Neutralization of acid sulfate solutions using bauxite refinery residues and its derivatives. Ind. Eng. Chem ... (2012), pp. 1146-1151, 10.1080/10934529.2012.668121. View in Scopus Google Scholar. Kefeni and Mamba, …Web
Antimony has been produced from ores in over 15 countries. As shown in Table 2 (Carlin, 2012), world reserves of antimony are estimated to about 1.8 million metric tonnes.As China, the leading producer, accounts for about 90% of the world's mined production and the vast majority of the reserve base (i.e. reserves consist of …Web
Due to increased antimony-bearing mineral mining/processing over the past few decades, there has been increased deposition of antimony into the environment …Web
The variation of the weight of elemental antimony with time is measured by a vacuum differential weight furnace, and the evaporation rate of elemental antimony is obtained by mathematical statistical analysis at temperatures of 973–1473 K and ambient pressures of 5–500 Pa. The experimental results show that: when the temperature is …Web
To reduce the arsenic content in the rough metal to 0.1% and exclude the stages of antimony refining from arsenic, reductive melting is proposed in the presence of lead compounds. ... Development of a low waste technology for processing sulfide gold-antimony concentrates, Metallurgist, 2012, vol. 56, nos. 1–2, pp. 3–12. Article Google …Web
Human Exposure. In the United States, antimony (III) xide (Sb 2 O 3) is the most commercially significant form of processed antimony. In nature, Sb 2 O 3 exists in minerals such as valentinite and senarmontite ( ATSDR 2017; Roper et al. 2012 ). Antimony is found in nature in these and other mineral species, often in association with arsenic ...Web
Antimony is a silvery-white metal that is found in the earth's crust. Antimony ores are mined and then mixed with other metals to form antimony alloys or combined with oxygen to form antimony oxide. Little antimony is currently mined in the United States. It is brought into this country from other countries for processing. However, there are companies in …Web
Antimony-rich sulfide ores (>50%) or liquated antimony sulfide (crudum, with ~70% antimony) can be reduced to metal by iron precipitation, according to Bray …Web
In the process of electrolytic refining, the required antimony content of lead anode plate is approximately 0.4–0.7 wt%. When antimony content of lead anode plate is more than 1.2 wt%, antimony firmly adheres to the residual lead anode plate during the refining process, which leads to difficulty in cleaning.Web
Antimony is an important mineral commodity widely used in modern industrialized societies, such as flame retardant, lead-acid storage batteries, chemicals and ceramics [1]. ... (2012) View more references. ... Thermodynamics of removing impurities from crude lead by vacuum distillation refining. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals …Web
Secondary antimony minerals: Phases that control the dispersion of antimony in the supergene zone journal, July 2012 Roper, Adam J.; Williams, Peter A.; Filella, Montserrat Geochemistry, Vol. 72Web
We study the evaporation of antimony xide from an antimony-rich slag by bubbling nitrogen gas through a submerged top lance at 1000–1300 °C. Experiments are carried out with 300 g slag at gas flow rates of 20–60 l/h with the lance height of 1.5 and 10 mm. Slag samples are taken and analyzed to identify changes in the antimony xide ...Web
antimony as refining agents. Experimental The base glass corresponding to a 24% PbO crystal glass, is specified in table 1 was used. The total molar amount of arsenic and antimony were kept constant but the propor-tions between antimony and arse-nic were varied. Refining was done both with nitrate and arsenic and/or antimony oxide as well …Web
Antimony speciation in near neutral to strongly alkaline pH's is dominated by dimeric antimony sulfide complexes at sulfide concentrations > 0.001 mol kg− 1 S2 −total.Web
Antimony is a silverly, lustrous grey metal that exhibits poor heat and electrical conductivity. It is relatively soft, measuring only 3.25 on Moh's scale of mineral hardness. Known as "stibium" in classical Latin, antimony is represented by the chemical symbol Sb. A member of the arsenic group of elements, antimony is commonly found in ...Web
The composition of melt extraction refining lead-removing agent for pyrosmelting antimony comprises (wt%) 30-70% of extracting agent, 0-2% of extraction adjuvant and 30-50% of flux, in which in the extracting agent Sb2O3 content is 10-60%, P2O2 content is 20-60% and the rest is H2O, the extraction adjuvant is Sb2S3 and the …Web
The invention discloses an oxygen-enriched molten pool antimony refining production process, and belongs to the field of smelting of nonferrous metal. The process comprises the following steps: 1) batching: raw materials are uniformly mixed according to a mass ratio to obtain a mixture; 2) granulation: the uniformly mixed mixture is prepared as spherulites; …Web
USAC operates the only significant antimony smelter in the United States and it is in a "sold out" condition. The Company has proven experience in underground and open pit mining, flotation and gravimetric milling, …Web
Antimony and its various compounds have been known and used since ancient times, dating back at least 6000 years.There is evidence dating to ancient Egypt, where synthetic antimonate compounds were used as colorants for glass and as eye shadow, among other things (Shortland, 2002, Selim, 2012).Various applications …Web
The low-purity lead bullion contains only 75–80% by weight lead, leading to the poor efficiency of electrolytic refining. In this procedure, antimony is oxidized to Sb 2 O 3 and then reduced to Sb. The direct recovery ratio of lead and antimony is unsatisfactory due to the long process by conventional industrial pyrometallurgy process shown ...Web
Although Sb is toxic, its alloys are used in batteries, presses, and bullets. Other antimony compounds appear in flame-retardant materials, paints, enamels, glass, and pottery. To isolate Sb for use, Sb-containing compounds must undergo mining and smelting. Waste materials from ore refining are high in Sb and other toxic co …Web
