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The mixed mineral flotation results obtained showed that TA can be used as a depressant for molybdenite in the Cu–Mo sulfide mineral separation. The recovery of chalcopyrite and molybdenite in the flotation concentrate was 95.01 % and 3.34 %, respectively, under optimal flotation conditions.
The use of flotation machines with a chamber volume of 630 m 3 at a rougher flotation stage improved recovery by more than 3% at the Buenavista del Cobre (BVC) plant in Northern Mexico and increased the copper content in concentrate by 24%. In flotation machines with the Outotec FloatForce mixing mechanism (Finland), the contact …
All the flotation tests were carried out under the following conditions: frother: fusel 300 g/t, collector: diesel 400 g/t, pH 10 (adjusted with lime), quartz and silicate depressant: sodium hexametaphosphate 1000 g/t, pulp solids concentration 10% by weight, pulp-stirring rate 1800 r/min, pulp circulation rate 17.38 L/min, and flotation time 3 ...
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4. Froth flotation is a very important mineral concentration process that is used to recover a vast array of different minerals containing …
Flotation at solids content of more than 15 pct resulted in a marked decrease in concentrate grade. Increasing the amount of Minflo I in the cleaner circuit from 0.3 to 1.0 lb/ton of rougher concentrate resulted in an increase in the grade of cleaner concentrate from 4.9 oz/ ton Pt and 11.5 oz/ton Pd to 8.0 oz/ton Pt and 24.0 oz/ton Pd.
Generally, entrainment is a two-step transfer process [17,18,19,20], one at the upper layer of the pulp to the flotation froth, and the other from froth to the concentrate.For the first step, the literature has reported three accepted mechanisms, which are boundary layer theory [21,22,23], bubble wake theory [22,23,24], and bubble …
A flotation concentrate containing 32.1% Zn and 8.0% Pb was obtained, and the Zn and Pb recoveries were 91.3% and 92.3%, respectively. The optimum thermal modification parameters were determined to be a sulfur dosage of 1%, temperature of 650°C, coal powder dosage of 1% and modification time of 60 min. These factors had an …
Entrainment in a flotation process is the mechanism by which, independently from hydrophobicity, mineral particles are unselectively transported from the pulp zone to the flotation froth zone and then to the concentrate by water hydrodynamics processes [17,18,19,20,21,22,23]. Entrainment decreases the value of quartz recovery in …
Magnetic Separation on the Flotation Concentrate. WHIMS conducted to reduce the iron content in the final concentrate (if required) Table 3 shows an example of a typical spodumene flotation mass balance . As the lithium grade of the combined DMS middling and undersize fraction is typically similar to the head grade, this data is …
The product of cleaning is known as the leaner concentrate or the final concentrate. The objective is to produce the highest concentrate grade possible. 3. Scavenging - The roughing flotation step is often followed by a scavenger flotation step that is applied to the rougher tailings. The objective is to recover any of the target minerals that ...
Froth flotation is widely used for the separation of fine and ultrafine particles in mineral processing [[1], [2], [3]]. It can separate valuable minerals from raw ores based on the difference of surface hydrophobicity between concentrate and tailings.
Details of the number of concentrate collections per minute and timing of the sweeps can be found in EMC's procedure. The video shows an automatic laboratory flotation cell developed by Outotec at their research centre in Pori in Finland. In this case the cell is 12 litres treating 3.5 kilograms of ore 25% solids.
The flotation is best when using 1 kg/t of the Termogazoil + T-92 mixture, for initial feed of density 80 kg/m 3 containing 10% fine slurry, with 3-min flotation. In these conditions, with unchanged extraction of combustible mass in the concentrate, its ash content is 9.08%.
The flotation separation process mainly includes: (1) Grind the ore finely by the ball mill or rod mill to dissociate useful minerals from gangue minerals. (2) Separate the ore by the flotation machine. Adjust the ore pulp and add flotation reagents. (3) Do the flotation processing. (4) Filter, concentrate or dry the product .
Two different flotation concentrates were trialed for bioleaching that differed in terms of their nickel and arsenic contents, the first concentrate graded 10.5% Ni and 1.3% As and was obtained as a by-product of talc processing, the second concentrate was produced from reverse flotation of the first concentrate and graded 14.3% Ni and 15.4% …
The two-stage gravity concentration test recovered a cumulative 48.8% of the gold and 10.3% of the silver at a 1.47% yield. The combined gravity concentrate had a calculated grade of 309 g/t Au ...
After lead flotation at optimum pH 8, the flotation of zinc at a different pH (5–11.5), with two collector types, was performed to study the recovery and grade of zinc in the zinc concentrate. Figure 8 shows the grade and recovery of zinc in the zinc concentrate using PAX or Aero 3477 collectors at pH 5–11.5. It can be observed that the ...
The Nb 2 O 5 grade and recovery of flotation concentrate as a function of the collector harvest time is displayed in Figure 9c, the recovery of concentrate increases to maximum, and then decreases with the increase in collector harvest time; the Nb 2 O 5 grade in concentrate changes from 0.881% to 1.15%.
As shown in Table 3 and Figure 7, the increment in concentrate grade became less pronounced as the grinding-flotation module progressed. For example, the grade increased by nearly 30% after the first cleaner flotation, while less than a 5% grade increment could be obtained after the fourth or fifth cleaner flotation.
As shown in Table 3, the conventional ten-stage grinding and mechanical flotation flowsheet produced a concentrate product of 94.62% carbon grade at a recovery of 83.16% while the new process based on HPGR, two stages of stirred grinding mill and three stages of column flotation, generated a concentrate with 94.82% grade and …
Optimal mineral recovery in a flotation circuit depends on the capacity to adapt to metallurgical variability in the ore being processed. It is possible that some banks of flotation cells might not be recovering ore at their maximum levels due to air flow, feed, mechanical, hydraulic, reagent imbalances. Recognizing the need for a solution that ...
3.4.2. Flotation concentrate and tailings. The embedding relationship between mineral phases in slag concentrate and slag tailing is shown in Fig. 4 and S5. Compared with raw CSS (Fig. 3), a large number of irregular light-gray free mineral particles with a large particle size ...
It was confirmed that gold always followed activated carbon in the flotation concentrate. Motivation for this work was the possible application of the process in gold leach solutions, for instance, after heap …
Flotation gave a concentrate containing 71 pct of the rare earths in the feed and having a grade of 15 pct RE2O3. An additional 9 lb Na2CO3/ton (total 21 lb/ton) was required to increase the pH to 10. Flotation at pH 10 gave a concentrate containing 28 pct RE2O3 and a rare-earth recovery of only 31 pct. Since NaF gave markedly better results ...
Considering all open-circuit flotation tests, at a feed grade of 3% TREO (Total Rare Earth Oxide), the best fit line indicated 80% recovery to a 45% TREO …
the amount of water required to process copper sulfide ore through a conventional crush-grind-flotation-concentrate circuit ranges from roughly 1.5 metric tons (t) to about 3.5 t of water to process 1 t of ore [Wels and Robertson, 2003, 2004; Misra and others, 2005; Wills and Napier-Munn, 2006; Chilean
The data demonstrated an appreciable level of REE minerals recovery and upgrade, with a total REE minerals content increase from 8.5% in the deslimed feed to 14.3% in the flotation concentrate. The …
flotation, in mineral processing, method used to separate and concentrate ores by altering their surfaces to a hydrophobic or hydrophilic condition—that is, the surfaces are either repelled or attracted by water. The flotation process was developed on a commercial scale early in the 20th century to remove very fine mineral particles that ...
Both total nickel recovery and concentrate grade in laboratory scale flotation tests to the Ni rougher-scavenger concentrate increased after DAF treatment. Chemical and mineralogical characterizations revealed that after DAF treatment, the process water contained fewer metal hydroxides and less fine-grained silicate mineral particles, …
After various reagents were fully mixed with minerals, the flotation concentrate was collected for 3 min. Then the obtained concentrate and tailings were separately dried and weighed to calculate the recovery. The final result was the average of three experiments. The artificial mixed ore flotation experiment process was the same as …
Flotation & Cyanidation Leaching of Concentrate. DESCRIPTION: Flotation followed by cyanidation of flotation concentrates. In this flowsheet the flotation concentrates produced are reground and …
The undried rougher concentrate filter cake was transferred into a 2.5 L flotation cell and re-pulped to a suitable pulp height using the filtrate from rougher concentrate filtration. In re-flotation, the impeller speed was set to 1200 r/min, and the pulp was agitated for 2 minutes before the air was introduced at a rate of 4 L-min-1. The froth ...
floatability. Figure 3 demonstrates this point by showing the flotation separation curves for a batch flotation test (calculated using flotation modelling techniques) performed over …
After 3 min of flotation, the concentrate and tailings were filtered and dried, the concentrate was repeated to form a closed-flotation separation test. Finally, mixed concentrate of copper-nickel ...
Figure 4c, f shows that a highly water-generating concentrate with an NNP less than 700 kg of CaCO 3 /t can be achieved through flotation. To avoid potential acidification, the NNP should exceed + 20 or + 30 kg CaCO 3 /t (Lottermoser 2010 ); alternatively, the concentrate can be stored in ways to avoid or mitigate AMD …
Flotation gave a concentrate containing 71 pct of the rare earths in the feed and having a grade of 15 pct RE2O3. An additional 9 lb Na2CO3/ton (total 21 lb/ton) was …
Haapalaite 4(Fe,Ni)S.3(Mg,Fe)OH2 Annabergite (Ni,Co)3(AsO4)2) 8H2O Nickeliferous minerals Primary Pyrrhotite Fe(1 x)S Up to 1.5 Mackinawite (Fe,Ni)9S8 Up to 9 Arsenopyrite FeAsS Up to 0.5 Secondary Pyrite FeS2 Up to 12 Marcasite FeS2 Up to 6 Smythite Fe3.25S4 Up to 5 Tochilinite 6Fe0.9S.5(Mg,Fe)(OH)2 Up to 5 Magnetite Fe3O4 Up to 1
